Update in Molecular Aspects and Diagnosis of Autoimmune Gastritis

Recent studies have advanced our understanding of the pathophysiology autoimmune gastritis, particularly its molecular aspects. The most noteworthy recent advancement lies in identification several candidate genes implicated pathogenesis pernicious anemia through genome-wide association studies. These include PTPN22, PNPT1, HLA-DQB1, and IL2RA. also directed attention towards other such as ATP4A, ATP4B, AIRE, SLC26A7, SLC26A9, BACH2 polymorphism. In-depth investigations been conducted on lymphocytes cytokines, including T helper 17 cells, interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-17E, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-19, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-15, transforming growth factor-β1, IL-13, diminished levels IL-27. Animal explored involvement roseolovirus H. pylori relation to onset disease process carcinogenesis, respectively. comprehensively examined autoantibodies, serum pepsinogen, esophagogastroduodenoscopy diagnosis gastritis. current focus individuals demonstrating atypical presentations disease, those diagnosed childhood, yielding negative results for lacking typical endoscopic characteristics mucosal atrophy. Here, we discuss developments this field, focusing genetic predisposition, epigenetic modifications, lymphocytes, oxidative stress, infectious agents, proteins, microRNAs, gastrin, microscopic findings, risk gastric neoplasm.